Time Keeping
The Measurement of Time
Temporal Hours, the Basis of Gorean Timekeeping
Gorean timekeeping is based on, et al, Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Chinese principles. The civil day in ancient cultures was made up of "Watches". The length of the watch varied with the season, and were called seasonal or temporal hours. They were related to the length of the Sun's time above the horizon. This method was known as far back as 1800 BC and was used until the end of the 13th century AD in Europe. This was the practice of the Greeks, the Sumerians and Babylonians, the Egyptians, and the Romans, and of Western Christendom so far as civil reckoning was concerned. In about the 13th century AD the seasonal method became inconvenient to use because of the invention of the mechanical clock. The seasonal method was uneven and the mechanical clock had an even 12 hours for day and 12 hours for night. The 12 comes from Babylonian (2x12=24, 5x12=60). This is known as the Sumerian Sexagesimal System based on the number 60. The Sumerian culture developed the Sexagesimal number system more than 4000 years ago. And it has carried to this day, we use 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour.
Since the earth rotates 15 degrees of longitude per hour, the earth's 360 degrees were divided into 24 zones, each measuring about 15 degrees in width. Time zones to the west of Greenwich decreases by one hour, but going east they increase. Greenwich Mean Time, officially established in the year 1884, is the mean solar time at the prime meridian of zero known as GMT (0) from which time in other zones are calculated. In today's world on Earth, the system used for the calendar is the Mean Solar Day, which is, the average of a solar day because the length of the day varies slightly during the year as the Earth rotates around the Sun. The orbit of the Earth makes the Sun appear to move eastward each day relative to the Stars. The Solar Day is about 4 minutes longer than the Sidereal Day. A Mean Solar day is 24 hours 3 minutes 56.55 seconds of mean sidereal time. A Sidereal Day is 23 hours 56 minutes 4.1 secondsof mean solar time.
The earth-to-Gor comparisons are fairly inaccurate, although they come fairly close. Give or take a couple of weeks perhaps, Gor's seasons will only somewhat to Earth's — within certain years every quarter-century, since there are 356 days in an Earth year and 365 days in a Gorean year, 52 weeks in an Earth year versus 73 in a Gorean year. Therefore, I will not bother with a comparison on this page.
Let's explore how Gor relates to time and the measure of it.
Units of Time
While they have their own measure of units comparable to the Earth seconds, minutes and hours, the measure itself is different. The Gorean culture, however, does not follow the Sumerian Sexagesimal System. The rotation of Gor besides being opposite of Earth, is also slower than that of Earth, thus the gravitational difference, making what we know as the Greenwich Mean Time non-existent on Gor.
The standard Gorean measurements for time-keeping are:
- Ihn: Gorean Second; Eighty (80) Ihn equal one (1) Ehn;
- Ehn: Gorean Minute (80 Ihn); Forty (40) Ehn equal one (1) Ahn;
- Ahn: Gorean Hour (40 Ehn); Twenty (20) Ahn equal one (1) complete Gorean day.
- Day: Twenty (20) Ahn
"Each Ahn consists of forty Ehn, or minutes, and each Ehn of eighty Ihn, or seconds." — Outlaw of Gor, page 26.
Time Keeping Devices
Uses of chronometric devices range from the ancient to fairly modern Earth periods. However, the Gorean chronometer runs backwards in comparison to the clocks of Earth, their spinning hands rotating in a counter-clockwise direction. Following are the time keeping devices mentioned in the books.
• Candle Clock
A candle clock is a thin candle with consistently spaced marks, generally numbers, that when burned, indicate the passage of periods of time. 
Candle clocks couldn't be used to find the time, but the sides of candles could be marked to indicate the passage of predetermined periods of time. Candle clocks were used as an alarm clock by putting a nail into the wax; whenever the candle wax melted down to the nail then the nail would fall into a tin pan and make a loud clattering noise. The first recording of candle clocks date back to the 9th century, credited to King Alfred the Great of England. However, the candle clock truly dates back farther. During the Sung dynasty in China (ca. 960-1279), calibrated candles and sticks of incense measured time.
"The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
• Chronometer
A timepiece, such as a pocketwatch. Such are found on Gor, however rare.
Date: circa 1735:
"Timepiece; especially: one designed to keep time with great accuracy." — Merriam-Webster Dictionary ©2004-2006.
"Like most Gor compasses, mine contained a chronometer, and I took the compass, turned it over, and pressed the tab that would snap open the back and reveal the dial." — Tarnsman of Gor, page 78.
"Chronometers exist on Gor, but they are rare and valuable. Marcus and I did not have any, of intent, at the time, among our belongings. They would not have seemed to fit in well with our guise as auxiliary guardsmen. In many cities, of course, including Ar, time tends to be kept publicly. Official clocks are adjusted, of course, according to the announcements of scribes, in virtue of various astronomical measurements, having to do with the movements of the sun and stars. The calendar, and adjustments in it, are also the results of their researches, promulgated by civil authorities. The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
• Clepsydra
Water clocks were also used to mark the passage of time by allowing water to drip from one container into another. The marks of the sun's motion were made on the first container, and, as water dripped out of it and into another basin, the drop in water level showed the passage of the hours. The second container was not always used to collect and recycle the water; some water clocks simply allowed the water to drip on the ground. When the eight-hour water clock was empty, eight hours had passed. The water clock is also known as the clepsydra.
Water clocks were among the earliest timekeepers that didn't depend on the observation of celestial bodies. One of the oldest was found in the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I, buried around 1500 BCE. Later named clepsydras ("water thieves") by the Greeks, who began using them about 325 BCE, these were stone vessels with sloping sides that allowed water to drip at a nearly constant rate from a small hole near the bottom. Other clepsydras were cylindrical or bowl-shaped containers designed to slowly fill with water coming in at a constant rate. Markings on the inside surfaces measured the passage of "hours" as the water level reached them. These clocks were used to determine hours at night, but may have been used in daylight as well. 
Another version consisted of a metal bowl with a hole in the bottom; when placed in a container of water the bowl would fill and sink in a certain time. These were still in use in North Africa in the 20th century.
More elaborate and impressive mechanized water clocks were developed between 100 BCE and 500 CE by Greek and Roman horologists and astronomers. The added complexity was aimed at making the flow more constant by regulating the pressure, and at providing fancier displays of the passage of time. Some water clocks rang bells and gongs; others opened doors and windows to show little figures of people, or moved pointers, dials, and astrological models of the universe. A Macedonian astronomer, Andronikos, supervised the construction of his Horologion, known today as the Tower of the Winds, in the Athens marketplace in the first half of the first century BCE. This octagonal structure showed scholars and shoppers both sundials and mechanical hour indicators. It featured a 24 hour mechanized clepsydra and indicators for the eight winds from which the tower got its name, and it displayed the seasons of the year and astrological dates and periods. The Romans also developed mechanized clepsydras, though their complexity accomplished little improvement over simpler methods for determining the passage of time. In the Far East, mechanized astronomical/astrological clock making developed from 200 to 1300 CE. Third-century Chinese clepsydras drove various mechanisms that illustrated astronomical phenomena. One of the most elaborate clock towers was built by Su Sung and his associates in 1088 CE. Su Sung's mechanism incorporated a water-driven escapement invented about 725 CE. The Su Sung clock tower, over 30 feet tall, possessed a bronze power-driven armillary sphere for observations, an automatically rotating celestial globe, and five front panels with doors that permitted the viewing of changing manikins which rang bells or gongs, and held tablets indicating the hour or other special times of the day.
Inflected Form(s): plural -dras or clepˇsyˇdrae; Etymology: Latin, from Greek klepsydra, from kleptein to steal + hydOr water; Date: 1646;
"Water Clock." — Merriam-Webster Dictionary ©2004-2006.The Clepsydra, also called Water Clock, is an ancient device for measuring time by the gradual flow of water. One form, used by the North American Indians and some African peoples, consisted of a small boat or floating vessel that shipped water through a hole until it sank. In another form the vessel was filled with water that was allowed to escape through a hole, and the time was read from graduated lines on the interior measuring the level of the remaining water. It may have been an invention of the Chaldeans of ancient Babylonia; specimens from Egypt date from the 14th century BC. In early specimens the graduations do not allow for the fact that, as the water escaped, pressure was reduced and the flow slowed down. The Romans invented a clepsydra consisting of a cylinder into which water dripped from a reservoir; a float provided readings against a scale on the cylinder wall. Clepsydras were used for many purposes, including timing the speeches of orators; as late as the 16th century, Galileo used a mercury clepsydra to time his experimental falling bodies." — Encyclopaedia Britannica ©2004-2006.
Clepsydra, so called from kleptv, surripio, and idwz, aqua, was an horological instrument of great antiquity, among the Egyptians and other eastern nations, probably before sun-dials were invented; though the name of the original inventor is not handed down to us; the construction has been varied in different ages and countries, according to the variation of the different modes of reckoning time, but one principle is the basis of all the forms it has undergone, namely, the constant dropping, or running of water through a small aperture, out of one vessel into another. At first the indication of time was effected by marks corresponding to either the diminution of the fluid in the containing vessel, during the time of emptying, or to the increase of the fluid in the receiving vessel during its time of filling; but it was soon found, that the escape of the water was much more rapid out of the containing vessel when it was full, than when it was nearly empty, owing to the difference of pressures at different heights of the surface; this irregularity in the dropping, presented an obstacle which required much ingenuity to correct.
Ancient Clepsydrae.
According to M. Vitruvius Pollio, the first improver of the ancient clepsydra, or water-clock, was Ctesibius of Alexandria, the son of a barber, who, about 245 years before Christ, spent much time in devising mechanical contrivances for removing not only the obstacle in question, but also another equally formidable one, which arose from the daily inequality of the Egyptian hours. As one-twelfth part of the time elapsed from sun-rise to sun setting on any day, was called an hour of that day; and as one-twelfth part of the time that passed from full setting to sun-rise was called an hour of the night; not only did the hours of day differ from the hours of night, but from one another, at all times, except at the vernal and autumnal equinoxes; hence it became necessary, either to make the water fall irregularly into a receiving vessel, with equidistant hour-marks, or to have varying hour-marks for a regular efflux; the first of these methods (which probably preceded that of Ctesibius) was thus effected, viz.
Figure 1: A conical hollow vessel, A, was inverted, or placed like a funnel in a frame C C 
there being a very small aperture at the apex of the cone, and another solid cone, B, every way similar as to dimensions, was plunged into the hollow one when filled with water to a greater or a smaller depth, accordingly as the efflux was wanted to be more or less rapid, and then adjusting marks, corresponding to every day and night in the year, were put on a long Item D, inserted into the broad end of the solid cone B, and kept in its position by the frame, as represented in the figure, to show how much the inner cone was to be depressed or elevated, to accelerate or retard the issue of the fluid for the corresponding time; H was the spout which supplied a constant influx of water, and I the waste pipe, connected with the top of the conical vessel, which carried off the superfluous water; hence the constant influx of water preserved an unvarying height of the surface from the aperture, which aperture was varied at pleasure, by the elevation or depression of the inner cone; if now we suppose the subjacent vessel to be a cube, cylinder; or any other regular figure, and equidistant hour-marks to be properly made on its side, the surface of the water or an index borne by it on a piece of cork, would, as it rose, indicate the hours corresponding to those marks. The imperfections of this clepsydra was that: 1.) It required two daily manual adjustments, one in the morning, and the other in the evening; and, 2.) It made no allowance for the variation of fluidity, in different degrees of temperature, which, it is asserted (but perhaps without proof), greatly influenced the isochronism of the drops.
As an improvement, or rather appendage, to this construction of the clepsydra, a bar, E E with rack-work at the upper end, as shewn by the dotted lines, was made to float on the surface of the lower vessel by means of an affixed piece of cork, F, so that as the cork and its bar rose in the vessel, the teeth of the bar turned a small wheel, G, fixed to the upper part of the frame by a cock, on the arbor of which wheel a hand was put, which revolved and indicated the hours on a fixed dial-plate. This addition, however, did not render the instrument a more accurate measure of time, but only indicated the hours, such as they were, in an improved manner. It may be worthy of remark here, that water was at once the regulator and the maintaining power of the instrument before us; the interval between two successive drops was to the clepsydra what one vibration of the pendulum is to a clock, or one oscillation of the balance is to a watch; and the floating of the indented bar was in place of a weight or spring to move the wheel to which the hand was attached; consequently it might be said to be an horological machine of the simplest construction possible. The adjustment of the two cones was regulated by the latitude of the place, owing to the manner in which the hours were divided; at Alexandria, for instance, the greatest and least velocity of the drops were required to be to each other as 70 to 50, the longest and shortest hours in that latitude being respectively 1h 10m and 50m of equable time; and in higher latitudes the disparity is still greater.
The next attempt to improve the clepsydra was by constructing it so that its aperture was adjusted, as the year advanced, by the putting of an index to the sun's place in an ecliptic circle; which attempt, of course, rendered the instrument more complex. Perrault conceives the parts to have been thus adapted, according to the description given of it by M. Vitruvius Pollio, in his book "De Architectura" (cap. ix. lib. ix.). 
Figure 2 represents an ancient clepsydra with an horary circle and a variable aperture: A is a reservoir, to the top of which is attached a water-pipe, not seen in the drawing, to preserve an equal pressure by carrying off the superfluous water; B is a pipe projecting from the reservoir into the upper part of the drum, M N, on the front of which drum the ecliptic circle is marked; O D L is a smaller inner drum, which revolves on a tubed arbor, F, and which is represented as drawn out of its place; this small drum has a thorough groove, a b varying in breadth all round it, like a hoop tapering throughout from the broadest part both ways to its opposite point, and is of such a diameter that the middle of the groove just reaches to, and coincides with, a perforation under the tube, B, at the upper part of the great drum, so that, as the little drum, which carries the diurnal index, L, and nocturnal index, O, opposite to the former, is turned round by hand, the variation in the breadth of the groove occasions a corresponding variation in the velocity of the efflux of water, by making a larger or smaller aperture, accordingly as the sun's place is more or less advanced in the ecliptic, the largest aperture being when the diurnal index is at the beginning of Capricorn; a little bason or funnel attached to the upper part of the fixed tube or hollow arbor, F, (not visible), receives the water in its fall within the drum, and transmits it through the said tube by G into the receiving vessel, H, in which is floated the piece of cork, I; this floating-piece is connected, by a chain, with the counterpoise, K, after it is folded round the arbor, P, which carries the hour-hand of the dial-plate; consequently, as the water rises in the vessel, H, the piece, I, is raised, and its counterpoise, K, at the same time falling gives motion to the arbor and hour-hand, and the hours are longer or shorter according to the breadth of the groove which is at any time under the perforation of the tube, B, i.e., according to the place in the ecliptic to which the proper index is put. This clepsydra, like the preceding one, composed of two cones, requires two manual adjustments, one in the morning and the other in the evening, and makes no allowance for the (supposed) variation of fluidity occasioned by the different states of the weather; and the variation in the breadth of the groove or slit, it is presumed, was more plausible in theory, than feasible in practice; the contrivance, however, was ingenious, and bespoke the inventor's acquaintance with astronomy.
The next improvement in the ancient clepsydra was probably that of Ctesibius which was an automaton, or self-adjusting machine, and is represented by Figure 3, which, according to Perrault and Ferd. Berthoud, exhibits the interior construction of this machine; 
A is the end of a tube over which an image stands, which is connected with a full reservoir, and from the eyes of which, considered as invariable apertures, the water continually flows or drops in a regulated manner into it; this tube conveys the water from M towards B into the top of a long regular vessel, B C D F, which it gradually fills, and raises the cork, D, with its attached light pillar, C D; on the top of this pillar is surmounted another image holding an index which points to the divisions on the large column above. Now, when the water rises in the vessel that contains the cork, it also rises in the small tube, F B, which constitutes one leg of a syphon, F B E, that is connected with the bottom of the cubic vessel; consequently, when the index has mounted to the uppermost division on the large column of hour lines, consulting of twice twelve, the water flows over the bent part, B, of the syphon, and, immediately empties the vessel into one of the six troughs or divisions of the water-wheel, K, which is thus turned one-sixth part of a revolution, during which time the image falls with its index to the bottom of the column, to be ready for the next day. This portion of the mechanism would have been sufficient to constitute the machine, if the hours had been considered as of equal length throughout the year, but the Egyptian mode of dividing and reckoning time made it requisite that the hour lines should slope out of an horizontal direction on the surface of the column, so as to make variable spaces, and also that the column should revolve once in a year, to present all the variations of space to the index. This annual motion of the column is said to be effected by wheel-work in the following manner:žon the arbor of the water-wheel, K, is fixed the pinion, N, of six leaves, which impels the contrate-wheel I, of 60 teeth in 6 x 60/6 = 60 days, then on the perpendicular arbor of I is another pinion, H, of ten leaves, which drives the wheel, G, of 61 teeth round in 60 x 61/6 = 366 days, and along with it the horary column, into which its arbor is inserted at L. On the bottom of the column is marked an ecliptic circle; and 12 perpendicular lines drawn lengthwise down the column divide it it into the respective signs, which are serviceable for ascertaining the requisite slope of the hour lines in any month.
The clepsydra, in one of its earlier forms, was used as an astronomical instrument, by the help of which the equator was divided into twelve equal parts, before the mathematical division of a circle was understood; it was deemed of more value than a sun-dial, on account of its dividing the hours of the night as well as of the day. It was introduced into Greece by Plato, and into Rome by P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, about 157 years before Christ. Pliny says (lib. xxxvii.) that Pompey brought a valuable one among his spoils from the Eastern nations; and Caesar is said to have met with an instrument of this kind in England, by the help of which he observed that the summer nights his of this climate are shorter than they are in Italy. The life which Pompey made of his instrument was to limit the speeches of the Roman orators; which Cicero alludes to when he says "latrare ad clepsydram."
Besides the ancient clepsydra, above described, F. Berthoud mentions another (Histoire de la Mesure du Temps, tom. I. p. 20.), which was called the anaphoric, on the dial-plate of which were projected the circles of the sphere, including the parallels of the sun's altitude, with the semi-diurnal and semi-nocturnal arcs, to which an adjustable bead, as the sun's representative, pointed as an index to shew the hours, parallels, amp;c. as the dial-plate revolved daily by means of wheel-work, which was impelled by water. It does not seem certain at what period this instrument was invented and used; but Berthoud thinks that tables of the sun's motion must have existed previously to its invention, and also a knowledge of projections of the sphere on a plane surface, whence he fixes the date posterior, to the time of Hipparchus, who, according to Pliny, died about 125 years B.C. The name anaphoric derived from anaphora, which was the second house in the heavens, according to the doctrine of astrology, which prevailed about the time here specified.
"The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
• Oil Clock
The oil lamp clock that was used through the eighteenth century was a variation and improvement on the candle clock. The oil lamp clock had divisions marked on a metal mount that encircled the glass reservoir containing the oil. As the level of oil fell in the reservoir, the passage of time was read from the markings on the mount. Like the candle clock, the oil lamp clock also provided light, but it was less prone to inaccuracies in materials or those caused by drafty rooms.
"The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
• Sand Glasses
Also: "Sand Clock"
Hourglasses (also called sand glasses and sand clocks) may have been used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, but history can only document the fact that both cultures had the technology to make the glass. 
The first claims to sand glasses are credited to the Greeks in the third century B.C. History also suggests sand clocks were used in the Senate of ancient Rome to time speeches, and the hourglasses got smaller and smaller, possibly as an indication of the quality of the political speeches. Some glasses also had dials with pointers, so, with each turning of the glass, the number of turns could be shown with the pointer to mark the cumulative passage of time.
The hourglass first appeared in Europe in the eighth century, and may have been made by Luitprand, a monk at the cathedral in Chartres, France. By the early fourteenth century, the sand glass was used commonly in Italy. It appears to have been widely used throughout Western Europe from that time through 1500. The hourglass or sand clock follows exactly the same principle as the clepsydra. Two globes (also called phials or ampules) of glass are connected by a narrow throat so that sand (with relatively uniform grain size) flows from the upper globe to the lower. Hourglasses were made in different sizes based on pre-tested measurements of sand flow in different sizes of globes. A housing or frame that enclosed the globes could be fitted to the two globes to form a top and bottom for the hourglass and was used to invert the hourglass and start the flow of sand again. Some hourglasses or sets of hourglasses were set in a pivoted mount so they could be turned easily.
The earliest writings referring to sand glasses are from 1345 when Thomas de Stetsham, a clerk on a ship called La George in the service of King Edward III (1312-1377) of England, ordered 16 hourglasses. In 1380, following the death of King Charles V (1337-1380) of France, an inventory of his possessions included a "large sea clock … in a large wooden brass-bound case." Compasses and charts, developed in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, helped navigators determine bearings and direction, but time measurement was essential to estimating distance traveled. The sand glass may have been invented — or, at least, perfected — for use at sea where equal units of time were measured to estimate distance; by contrast, on land, unequal time measurements were more important because activities depended on the length of day.
"The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
• Sundial
The sundial may be the best known ancient keeper of time, and it is still manufactured as a popular garden accessory—but for its visual interest, not for practical time measurement. 
Stonehenge, the giant monument built of upright stones on the Salisbury Plain of Wiltshire, England, may have been used as a sundial and for other time and calendar purposes. Sundials have obvious disadvantages; they can't be used indoors, at night, or on cloudy days.
Another Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 BCE. This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem with 5 variably spaced marks was oriented east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end cast a moving shadow over the marks. At noon, the device was turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon "hours." The merkhet, the oldest known astronomical tool, was an Egyptian development of around 600 BCE. A pair of merkhets was used to establish a north-south line (or meridian) by aligning them with the Pole Star. They could then be used to mark off nighttime hours by determining when certain other stars crossed the meridian.
In the quest for better year-round accuracy, sundials evolved from flat horizontal or vertical plates to more elaborate forms. One version was the hemispherical dial, a bowl-shaped depression cut into a block of stone, carrying a central vertical gnomon (pointer) and scribed with sets of hour lines for different seasons. The hemicycle, said to have been invented about 300 BCE, removed the useless half of the hemisphere to give an appearance of a half-bowl cut into the edge of a squared block. By 30 BCE, Vitruvius could describe 13 different sundial styles in use in Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy.
"An instrument to show the time of day by the shadow of a gnomon on a usually horizontal plate or on a cylindrical surface." — Merriam-Webster Dictionary ©2004-2006.
"The average Gorean has a variety of simple devices at his disposal for making the passage of time. Typical among them are marked, or calibrated, candles, sun dials, sand glasses, clepsydras and oil clocks." — Magicians of Gor, page 358.
Special Note
Because of the differences in publishing the books, depending upon whether published in the U.S. or Europe, depending upon whether a first publishing or a Masquerade Books release, page numbers will often vary. All of my quotes are from original, first-printing U.S. publications (see The Books page for a listing of publishers and dates) with the exception of the following books:
- Tarnsman of Gor (2nd Printing, Balantine)
- Outlaw of Gor (11th Printing, Balantine)
- Priest-Kings of Gor (2nd Printing, Balantine)
- Assassin of Gor (10th Printing, Balantine)
- Raiders of Gor (15th Printing, Balantine)
- Captive of Gor (3rd Printing, Balantine)
Disclaimer
These page s are not written for any specific home, but rather as informational page s for those not able to get ahold of the books and read them yourself. Opinions and commentaries are strictly my own personal views, therefore, if you don't like what you are reading — then don't. The information in these page s is realistic to what is found within the books. Many sites have added information, assuming the existences of certain products and practices, such as willowbark and agrimony for healing, and travel to earth and back for the collection of goods. I've explored the books, the flora, the fauna, and the beasts, and have compiled from those mentioned, the probabilities of certain practices, and what vegetation mentioned in the books is suitable for healing purposes, as well as given practicalities to other sorts of roleplaying assumptions.